The Controversy of The Canals of Sindh: The Kalabagh Dam and the Impact of The Six Canals on The Indus River
Introduction: The Indus River, which serves as a major source of water for Pakistan, meets the agricultural, ecosystemic, and economic needs of the country. Nonetheless, managing the river poses challenging questions, especially in Sindh, where differing perspectives about water distribution and the use of resources fuel arguments. Forefront are the raging issues surrounding the proposed Kalabagh Dam and the expected effects of building six additional canals on the Indus. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and understand these multidisciplinary issues including Sindh’s concerns as well as the repercussions for Pakistan as a whole. 1. Water Management Pattern on The Indus Basin: The Historical Dimension The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan divided the eastern rivers of India: Ravi, Beas, Sutlej; and the western rivers of Pakistan: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab. This treaty, together with the Indus Basin Irrigation System, formed one of the largest systems of i...
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